Digital Transformation Readiness in Electoral Management: A Mixed Methods Assessment of E-Voting Innovation Adoption in the Context of Industrial Convergence

Abstract

This study examines the management readiness for e-voting adoption within the context of digital industrial transformation, employing an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. The quantitative phase involved 215 respondents drawn from electoral management officials using Slovin's formula at a 6.7% margin of error from an estimated accessible population of 4,800 personnel, while the qualitative phase engaged 12 purposively selected key informants. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), and Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), the study develops the Integrated E-Voting Management Readiness (IEVMR) Model as its primary theoretical contribution. Quantitative results indicate that technology infrastructure readiness (β=0.412), human resource competency (β=0.356), and policy leadership (β=0.287) are significant predictors of e-voting management readiness (R²=0.673; p<0.001). Qualitative findings reveal three critical themes: structural institutional resistance, rural-urban digital divide, and transformational leadership capacity. The study's novelty encompasses: (1) the integration of three grand theories into a single predictive framework; (2) the identification of Change Management Capacity as a mediating mechanism; and (3) the moderating effect of Comprehensive Digital Literacy and neither previously examined in the Indonesian digital electoral context.